Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

The association of the population recruitment of gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, with Mississippi River discharge

Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, which constitutes a major industrial reduction fishery in the USA, spawn across the northern Gulf of Mexico with a focus of spawning about the Mississippi Delta. This species is estuarine dependent; adults spawn over the continental shelf and their larvae are transported, by mechanisms that are presently not well understood, to estuarine nursery areas. Larval gulf menhaden, along with some other surface oriented larval fishes, appear to aggregate along the Mississippi River plume front, while evidence of the ecological consequences of this aggregation in terms of the feeding, growth, and survival of larvae is ambiguous. On an annual scale, Mississippi River discharge is negatively associated with numbers of half year old recruits. Discharge of the Mississippi River and the population recruitment of gulf menhaden may be plausibly linked through the action of the river's plume and its front on the shoreward transport of larvae. Greater river discharge results in an expansive plume that might project larvae farther offshore and prolong the shoreward transport of larvae. An indirect, decadal scale, positive response of recruitment and river discharge is possible, but not certain. Recruitment became elevated after 1975 when river discharge increased and became highly variable. This response might owe to enhanced primary and secondary production driven by nutrient influx from the Mississippi River.     

铁路货物运输的随机过程分析和及时送达概率估计

应用随机过程理论，分析铁路运输系统中货物及时送达的概率分布，得到货物运输延续时间的平均值，为实现用户要求的运到期限提供了合理保证，并可通过评估与货主商定的运到期限与实际货物送达时间误差的概率，来找到货物及时送达过程中的关键环节，改进货物送达流程。最后举例说明它的应用。     

强风区铁路风沙防治工程最大输沙量与携沙风荷载计算方法

针对强风区铁路风沙流灾害防治工程,开展最大输沙量和强风携沙风荷载2个最关键工程计算问题的研究。结合现场踏勘资料与测试数据,分析风向、风力和持续时间3个影响因素对最大输沙量矢量合成与计算的控制影响,基于优势强风流理论,归纳给出信风型、季风型和对流型3种典型工程风型的输沙量计算方法,并且为准确采集沙样数据,专门设计出能随主风向自动转动的野外自动风导向积沙仪。基于现场测试数据,根据相似准则与量纲和谐原理,推导强风区携沙风单位体积沙砾颗粒流体平均飞跃速度计算公式,用于强风区携沙风冲击荷载计算,计算结果符合工程实际,满足工程计算要求。     

浅析微机监测轨道电压超限报警

轨道电压是衡量轨道电路运用状态好坏的重要参数,微机监测中轨道电压日报表中的超限报警信息是提前发现轨道电路是否存在隐患的重要依据。但日报表中提供的超限报警信息量比较大,有的是设备问题、有的是监测问题、还有的是车辆运行问题,怎样从这大量的信息中查找、发现有价值的信息才是进行微机监测调看分析的目的。     

离岸式高桩码头对后方护岸工程的影响

针对受离岸高桩码头掩护的后方护岸工程设计波浪难以确定的问题,结合实际工程,通过波浪断面物理模型和局部整体物理模型试验,研究码头工程对护岸设计波浪、越浪量和断面结构稳定性的影响。结果表明,高桩码头上部结构对后方护岸有良好的掩护效果,尤其在高水位时,消浪效果较好;受掩护良好的后方护岸工程,堤顶高程受高水位控制,可以适当降低堤顶高程;护岸结构稳定性,尤其护底、护脚块石,主要受较低水位控制,而低水位时码头对护岸的掩护效果有限,波高降低幅度很小。     

钢制车体疲劳强度校核方法

介绍了在缺乏材料疲劳性能数据时进行钢制车体疲劳强度校核的方法,从静态应力极限值和焊接疲劳数据的选取、Goodman疲劳极限线图的绘制方法、常用焊接接头类型、疲劳许用应力极限的确定、设计应用等方面对该方法进行了讨论。     

电铁谐波的“三级评估”方法研究

针对谐波的复杂性,IEC提出"三级评估"原则,其中第三级评估方法对电气化铁路牵引畸变负荷是适用的。本文讨论电气化铁道牵引负荷谐波的考核值(THD)问题,根据中、低电压级电气设备承受谐波能力的裕度,提出采用综合渗透(传递)系数法来制定IEC"三级评估"考核值。以某变电站供电区域的子电网为例,验证了本文所提方法的合理性。     

关于城轨列车再生电压限制的探讨

为保证地铁等城轨运营系统的效率,提高城轨列车高速域的再生率至关重要。介绍目前国内各地铁公司再生电压限值规定不统一的状况,说明最高再生电压限值偏低会抑制再生能量的回收,不利于节能。认为有必要根据国际上的先进理念,适度限制最高再生电压,以改进城轨车辆的运行性能,达到最大限度节能的目的。     

论柴油车自由加速烟度排放

简述了世界上一些柴油车自由加速烟度排放法规：通过大量的试验研究，明确了柴油车自由加速烟度的排放机理，指出自由加速烟度排放的大小并不能真实反映柴油车实际行驶烟度的排放状况，因而自由加速烟度排放法规对改善柴油车实际行驶烟度排放的作用是非常有限的。